Sunday, September 10, 2017

Fire water system

Basic Fire Water Pump (FWP) system


Fire water system are pressurize and ready to be use at any time. To ensure system always pressurize and could meet usage water demand, it need pump to play that important roles. This time let us discuss on fire water pump arrangement. 

Normally fire water pump consist of 3 type or function/duty. the pump are:

i) Jockey pump ; to make up small pressure loss in the fire water main ring.
ii) Duty pump ; to give more pressure when there is significant pressure lost in the fire water main ring.
iii) Standby pump: Diesel driven pump to support duty pump when there is very high pressure lost due to high water demand from fire water main ring.

Both Jockey and Duty pump are electrical driven pump. Standby pump are design to be independent source of power so that when there is electrical failure, it still can perform the duty to supply water to the fire water main ring.

Diesel fire water pump startup could be set using:
1. Battery
2. Compress air

There is 2 type of testing that normally done to ensure FWP system in good condition which is:
1. Functional test : testing that ensure pump running sequence are as per design. This test done weekly by some organization. 
2. Capacity test : testing to check pump could delivered water volume as per intended design and factory test. This test normally done annually. Normally insurance company would like to check this report.

Saturday, June 3, 2017

ER

Emergency Respond : Fire water system


Nobody want an accident to happen but we always prepared for respond for emergency. In Malaysia's CIMAH regulation 1996, there is specific regulations mention on Emergency respond and preparedness. Thus it is importance to understand and implement a good emergency respond management so that accident could be manage at early stage and prevent from escalation of emergency to crisis mode.

Fire water system is one of main focus in emergency respond facility. As we aware fire is the biggest nightmare that process plant want to avoid. Cause from fire accident, it could cause fatality, major asset damage, business interruption and many chain of effect. that's why a good process plant need to ensure their fire water design philosophy is good enough to ensure it can be rely on during emergency. 

Fire water demand is base on identified risk of the facility. to get ideas on some of fire water capacity, table below could be use as a guide:




Friday, March 31, 2017

Tripod Beta Chronicles

Tripod Beta part 3


In last episode, we had discuss on Failed Barrier. So this time let's continue with "Missing Barrier". This missing barrier should be easy understand cause we identified something that is suppose to be there. So when it is missing, it is 1 of the cause for incident to happen or an effect  to the object.

Let's look how the missing barrier is using in Tripod beta diagram:



In missing barrier, the barrier is actually control that is suppose to be available, aware and acknowledge by all stakeholders in the organization. It's not a best approach that is widely use outside of the organization. By this understanding, the investigation team can directly identified what is the "underlying cause" that had cause the control is missing during the incident.


Tuesday, February 14, 2017

Tripod Beta Chronicles

Tripod Beta Part 2

Sambungan dari tripod beta episode 1 hari tu, kali ni focus kepada cabang "Fail barrier"

Fail barrier ni agak mendalam kajiannya. Ini kerana dari fail barrier akan menimbulkan pula 3 dahan iaitu:

i) Immediate cause : unsafe acts or technicals failures due to human error.
ii) Pre-conditions : situational or psycological "state of mind" that promote human error.
iii) Underlying cause : Deficiences or anormalies that create the pre-conditions.

Pengenalpastian underlying cause, ia disertai pula mengkategorikan apakah Basic Risk Factor(BRF) untuk underlying cause tersebut. untuk melihat perkaitan dengan lebih jelas lagi, perhatikan gambarajah dibawah:



Thursday, February 2, 2017

Tripod Beta - Tools for Incident investigation

Tripod Beta - Tools for Incident Investigation


Tajuk sebelum ni dah diceritkan bahwa "Tripod Beta(TB)" adalah salah 1 tools utk incident investigation. kenapa pada pendapat saya TB ini one of best tools adalah atas beberapa sebab. 

1. kedudukan yang jelas antara Hazard, event dan object. 
HAZARD(agent of change) : anything that can cause harm. dalam kes tripod beta, dari hazard tu yang melepasi protective barrier menyebabkan Event berlaku.
EVENT : menceritakan apakah yang berlaku.
OBJECT ; Kesan dari Event yang berlaku menyebabkan kerosakan, kecederaan atau pencemaran. sekiranya ada barrier yang melindungi object, maka kesannya mungkin tidak teruk.

2. terdapat 3 jenis barrier.
EFFECTIVE BARRIER : Barrier yg wujud and efective untuk mengelakkan kejadian yg lebih teruk.
FAIL BARRIER : Barrier yang sedia ada dikenalpasti wujud semasa kejadian tetapi gagal mengelakkan dari kemalangan terjadi.
MISSING BARRIER : barrier yg tidak ada semasa kejadian. mengikut prosedur, barrier ini sepatutnya sedia ada dan dipraktiskan tetapi semasa kejadian ia tiada atau tidak dipraktiskan.

nanti plk sambung lagi

Monday, January 30, 2017

INCIDENT INVESTIGATION

INCIDENT INVESTIGATION FOR PROCESS SAFETY


Kejadian kemalangan adalah peluang dan ruang pembelajaran yang sangat mahal. ini kerana tiada sesiapa atau syarikat apa pun yg mahukan kemalangan terjadi agar mereka boleh belajar dari kemalangan tersebut. oleh itu, apabila terjadi kemalangan, wajiblah kemalangan itu disiasat untuk memahami sebab musabab kemalangan itu berlaku dan bagaimana cara dan kaedahnya agar kejadian yang sama tidak berulang.

Siasatan kemalangan bukanlah ditugaskan kepada seorang individu sahaja. ianya mestilah dilakukan dalam bentuk kumpulan. ini kerana lebih banyak maklumat yg betul dapat dihimpunkan untuk memastikan siasatan kemalangan itu bersifat komprehensif.

Terdapat beberapa kaedah/tools siasatan kemalangan yang digunakan dalam industri. Antara yang biasa digunakan adalah:
1. Tripod Beta analysis.
2. Top set analysis.
3. Failure mode and effect analysis

Mengikur OSHA U.S utk process safety incident investigation, kumpulan siasatan kemalangan mestilah melibatkan orang yang arif berkaitan dengan process. Tidak dilupakan wakil kontraktor sekiranya kemalangan itu melibatkan pekerja/aktiviti kontraktor.

Mengikut OSHA U.S rekod penyimpanan siasatan kemalangan yg melibatkan process safety mestilah disimpan selama 5 tahun. Siasatan kemalangan mestilah dimulakan dlm tempoh 48 jam selepas kemalangan berlaku. Siasatan kemalangan mestilah mempunyai maklumat-maklumat berikut:

1. Tarikh kemalangan.
2. Tarikh siasatan bermula.
3. Kenyataan ringkas kemalangan.
4. Faktor yang mengakibatkan kemalangan.
5. Langkah pembaikan dari siasatan kemalangan





Wednesday, January 4, 2017

PRD part 2

PRD Part 2



Dalam entry sebelum ni dah diterangkan apa itu PRD dan jenis-jenis PRD yg biasa digunakan oleh  loji process. sekarang kita kaji lebih sedikit pasal setiap PRD yg biasa digunakan tu.

Pressure Safety Valve (PSV)


PSV ni biasanya dipasang dekat dengan vessel@pengandung. Biasanya dipasang dibahagian atas vessel. Kedudukannya mestilah di kawasan vapour(wap) process vessel tersebut. ini untuk mengelakkan dari cecair bertekanan terlepas ke sistem "flare" atau "venting. PSV ni kedudukannya adalah "normally close". apabila tekanan berlebihan wujud dalam vessel, maka PSV akan activate@pop-up untuk melepaskan tekanan berlebihan tersebut. Practice yg baik adalah setiap kali PSV pop-up ia mesti ditentukur(calibrate) untuk memastikan ia dalam keadaan baik selepas pop-up. dalam Factories and Machineries Act ada akta yang wajibkan ujian/tentukur(calibrate) PSV dilakukan setiap 15 bulan kecuali mendapat pengecualian dari pihak DOSH.

Rupture Disk


Bunyi sebutan pun kita tau dah. ini jenis makan dalam punya barang hahaha Rupture disk ni bentuk dia mcm blind jgk cuma die punya rating rendah berbanding blind. tujuan die untuk memastikan apabila tekanan berlebihan, ia akan rupture dan membenarkan aliran bahan process keluar dari sistem bertekanan berlebihan. Normally rupture disk ni memg mahal la... jenis pakai buang. once dia dah activate kena ganti yg baru.


Pressure Vacuum Relieve Valve


kalau yg 2 atas tadi cerita pasal tekanan berlebihan dalam sistem, PVRV plk sebaliknya. dia nak mengelakkan vacuum dlm sistem. sebb vacuum ni blh menyebabkan tangki kemek kedalam. so rosak teruk la tangki/vessel tu.. PVRV mcm PSV jgk, kena tentu ukur(calibrate)